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J. S. BROWN.

Domestic Oven.

Na -19,965. Patented April 13, 1858.

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UNITED srarns rr rioE.

J. S. BROWN, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, AND JOS. KENT, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

OVEN.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 19,965, dated April 13, 1858.

To all whom "it may concern.

Be it known that I, J. S. BROWN, of l/Vashington, in the District of Columbia, have invented a new and Improved Portable Oven; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, Figure 1 being a front elevation of the oven; Fig. 2, a transverse vertical section thereof in the plane indicated by the line 2 a, Fig. 4; Fig. 3, a longitudinal vertical section in the plane indicated by the line mm, Fig. 1; Fig. 4, a horizontal section in the plane indicated by the line g 2 Fig. 1.

Like letters designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

The form of the oven may be according to taste or convenience. The drawings represent a rectangular oven with a semi cylindrical top or roof; but the roof may be flat, or have the ordinary triangular, prismatic form of house roofs. The outside case A, is of sheet iron, secured to a bottom B, of cast iron or stiff sheet iron, and supported by suitable legs. An ash-pit G, is formed in this bottom.

WVithin the outer wall or case is a parallel inner case C, of sheet iron; and is secured to a bottom D, similar to the outside bottom B, having short supports or legs h, h, at the corners, so arranged as to fit into the bottom B, and hold the inner case at equal or nearly equal distances from the outer case all around, beneath and above. The space between the two cases, may he, say from a half inch to an inch, in thickness. Upon the bottom D, is secured the stove or heater F, which is entirely inclosed within the inner case, and receives its supply of'air for the draft, only through its gratej, at its bottom, from the air space between the inner and outer cases. A pipe H, first conveys the draft and heat upward inside of the oven, and then outward through the two cases either through the top or back of the oven, but preferablythrough the back, as shown in the drawings. Any convenient number of removable grates I, I, for supporting the dishes, may be employed. A door (Z, opens in the front of the stove to the interior of the oven; another door f, opens into the heater F, for inserting the fuel only; and a third door 9, opens into the ash-pit G. All

these doors should fit well into the spaces which they close.

Within and beneath the top of the outer case,is situated aconcentric or parallel plate E, substantially as represented, being. secured in place in any convenient manner. The space bet-ween this plate and the outside case may be very thin, say from an eighth to a fourth of an inch in thickness. Along the middle of the top of the outside case A, is an oblong aperture extending nearly the length of the oven but quite narrow, say from one fourth to half an inch in width. A damper or valve may be employed to vary the width of this aperture, or entirely close it when desired. To the outside of the vertical portion of the inner case C, and the inner case of the door d, (which has also a double thickness inclosing a space) strips 6, Z), of thin sheet-metal are attached in horizontal directions, at their upper edges, while their lower, free edges are inclined downward and outward toward and nearly to, the outer case, leaving only narrow spaces for the circulation of air around their outermost edges, all substantially as represented in the drawings. These strips may be of the most inferior iron, and secured to the inner case by rivets, or otherwise. Each next upper plate should reach downward opposite to or even overlap a little the upper edge of the next plate below. Thus, recesses are formed outside of the inner case, which serve effectually to confine most of the heat thrown outward from'the surface of said inner case closely near the same, since the hottest air rising is continually conducted inward by these strips, so that very little heat escapes. Then the heat which would otherwise escape from these strips and be communicated to the outer case is taken up by the draft of air constantly flowing downward, in a thin sheet, through the aperture a, and the narrow space between the plate E, and strips 6, b, and the outer case for supplying the draft to the furnace or heater. Thus, instead of being lost, this heat is saved to generate a hot draft for the heater, and 7 thereby produce a more perfect combustion of the fuel, and consequently a greater amount of heat. In this way all or nearly all the heat is utilized, except what necessarily escapes through the pipe H, in keeping up the draft. The outer case A, is only moderately warmed, hardly giving out any heat to the surrounding atmosphere. The plate E, effects the same purpose for the top of the oven, as the plates b, 6, do for the sides thereof; but it must obviously be continuous, instead of being in separate strips like the latter.

I do not claim heating the draft air before it is introduced into the furnace or heater; but

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Introducing the draft air in a thin sheet around the top of the oven, and sides, substantially as described, whereby the heat, which otherwise would radiate from the outer surface of the oven, is employed for improving the combustion in the furnace or heater.

2. I also claim the strips or plates 6, 6, arranged in the inclosed air spaces, substantially as described, for the purpose of confining the heated air closely to, or near, the inner case of the oven, as specified.

3. I also claim the plate E, arranged as described and for the purpose set forth.

J. S. BROWN.

Witnesses:

R. F. Oseoon, E. J. BROWNE. 

